Federalists and Anti Federalists essays

Federalists and Anti Federalists papers Not long after the finish of the Revolutionary War if not before it turned out to be certain that the Articles of Confederation were not a useful course of action. Wartime possibility measures may have covered up the most quick issues, however with the happening to harmony something increasingly ordinary was required. The deformities of the Articles delivered a large group of debates among states, which couldn't be settled under its terms, and which times were sufficiently genuine to prompt volunteer army skirmishing. All the more comprehensively, a key issue had been left uncertain: Was the US a country in its own right, or a negligible confederation of semi- independent expresses' This was not only a theoretical inquiry a large number of gathering and individual interests were enveloped with it. All things considered, business interests were keen on a solid national government, making an inward unhindered commerce zone and predictable legitimate standards concerning exchange. Other affluent interests, be that as it may, had basically neighborhood impact huge landowners, for instance, who in this period may at present expect a semi medieval yielding from inhabitants and neighbors. Their nearby standing would be lessened in a progressively brought together national political structure. Be that as it may, even these interests surrendered that the first Articles were unworkable, while then again numerous advocates of a more grounded focal government still had tensions that it may get dictator, in eighteenth century language The Constitutional Convention was at first gathered simply to fix up the Articles of Confederation, however it was commanded by advocates of more grounded focal government. Rather than adjusting the Articles it tossed them out completely. The two Federalists and Anti-Federalists immediately locked in in a promulgation fight. The Federalists won this in a bungle: the Federalist has gone down as a political great, while the Anti-Federalist compositions have everything except evaporated f... <!

Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism

Conclusion and Treatment of Autism Free Online Research Papers The subject of Autism is close to home for me since one of my old buddies has a child who has mentally unbalanced. This week CNN has been doing an investigation on chemical imbalance which I saw as exceptionally fascinating; this is the reason I am doing my report about the Autistic issue. Chemical imbalance which is short for the term medically introverted confusion is an irregular and extreme issue that can be analyzed during early stages. As indicated by the Surgeon General chemical imbalance influences around 10 to 12 children for each 10,000 children (Smith, 2008). Chemical imbalance can be portrayed as an outrageous absence of capacity to take an interest in various settings, and by an absence of enthusiasm for, cultural relations (Smith, 2008).The absence of social connection, minds and correspondence are other unmistakable qualities of Autism. Individuals with mental imbalance ordinarily have a constrained cluster of intrigue and frequently delivered similar practices and motions. As indicated by the University of Phoenix â€Å"the explicit wellspring of chemical imbalance isn't known, however most scholars accept that mental imbalance is generally a result of hereditary conditions (University of Phoenix, 2006). The Surgeon General has posted on his state site that â€Å"there is check to encourage various yet different reasons of poisonous or irresistible damage to the focal sensory system all through a Childs early advancement also may add to the medically introverted turmoil (Smith, 2008). There are a few signs through social debilitations, and interchanges that will help decide and analyze climate a kid has a medically introverted turmoil (Slonims, 2003). Medically introverted kids may have issues in creating basic language aptitudes especially understanding verbal correspondence; or a strange utilization of discourse. Some medically introverted children make some hard memories reacting to there name; Some have fractional non-verbal correspondence. Some different indications of chemical imbalance in kids are that the infant isn't pointing, making signals, and chattering. Baby’s ought to have the option to state a total word by year and a half, and there ought not be a lot of loss of social abilities or language. There may likewise be least thankfulness or openness to different people groups euphoria or languishing. There will be exceptionally a halfway scope of innovative falsification or, take part in entertainment especially social creative mind (Slonims, 200 3) Treatment for medically introverted confusion at an early age is significant. The prior a kid is determined to have the mentally unbalanced request the sooner they can get the assistance and treatment they have to carry on with the most ideal life. My companions child John who is medically introverted saw me playing the piano one day at chapel, and fired applauding and hopping up load. I advised my companion Dave to get him before one of exercises with an understudy which he did. I sat John down and put his hands on the piano, John played around 3 notes before I halted him, and murmured a Bflat. Shockingly John giggled and played a similar note I just murmured. I giggled also on the grounds that he played the B level quick without pondering it. I kept on testing John for around 20 minutes on perceiving notes, â€Å"he didn't miss one†. I found that John had flawless pitch. He had the capacity to her a sound and copied it on the piano. In the principal exercise I tell John the best way to play Marry had a little sheep, and I’ve got the delight, which he learn in minutes. John’s guardians disclosed to me that John was not assume to have the option to talk, and now they can not get him to quit talking, Because of the advancement of John the school locale has permitted John to leave school early every Tuesday and Thursday to go to my office for a piano exercise which the region considers to be treatment. Since John has begun playing the piano his hands are getting more grounded, with greater smoothness. I have seen that John is more quiet than for the most part, and he likewise prefers to make his own music. Most of social treatment plans contain reasonable guidelines to the individual, inciting to accomplish precise practices. Another key is to give consideration, rewards, and recognition for doing those practices. I think the fundamental key is for guardians to realize how to deal with there medically introverted child so they youngster can grow up to be all that they can be. References Slonims, V. (2003). Analysis of chemical imbalance. BMJ , 1. Smith, B. . (2008, 02). Other Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Recovered 04 05, 2008, from general wellbeing administrations: surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter3/sec6.html#autism College of Phoenix. (2006). Mental Disorders . In U. o. Phoenix, Psychology: An Introduction (twelfth ed.). Research Papers on Diagnosis and Treatment of AutismThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

PTSD Coping, Support, and Living Well

PTSD Coping, Support, and Living Well PTSD Coping Print Coping With PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 08, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Coping Strategies Emotional and Physical Coping Strategies Work Relationships Triggers Lifestyle Risks Getting Professional Help View All The effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be far-reaching and debilitating. The symptoms  of PTSD can have a negative impact on your mental health, physical health, work, and relationships. You may feel isolated, have trouble maintaining a job, be unable to trust other people, and have difficulty controlling or expressing your emotions. Learning healthy strategies for coping with PTSD is possible and can offer a sense of renewal, hope, and control over your life. There are a variety of areas in our lives that can be impacted by the symptoms of PTSD and, in order to work toward a healthy recovery, it is important to give attention to each area. Verywell / JR Bee   Why Healthy Coping Skills Are Important If you have PTSD, you are at much greater risk  of developing a number of other mental health disorders, including  anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders,  and substance use disorders. For example, researchers have found that people with PTSD are about six times as likely as someone without PTSD to develop depression and about five times as likely to develop another anxiety disorder.?? People with PTSD are six times as likely as someone without PTSD to attempt suicide. High rates of deliberate self-harm have also been found among people with PTSD. Social Coping Strategies Trying to explain your experience to others can be challenging. Not only can it be difficult to talk with people about the traumatic event itself, but it can be even more challenging to describe to others some of the symptoms you have been experiencing since the event. Educate Yourself and Others People who struggle with PTSD often do so in isolation, finding it hard to reach out. In fact, they might not even realize that they are struggling with PTSD until the symptoms become nearly unbearable. In addition to educating yourself on the symptoms and treatment, it is important to seek out safe people to connect with who can support you in your recovery journey. By learning about the condition, you can have the words to more clearly explain to others what is happening for you and ask for what you need. Find Supportive Connections There are many resources offered in local communities and online that offer group-based support, such as support groups, classes, community meetings, and online groups. Connecting with others who are going through a similar experience can break down the walls of isolation and help you understand that you are not alone. Interacting with others who are in various stages of healthy recovery can be invaluable to you in your own healing journey. You can discover tips for coping, connect with specialized providers and learn about new and emerging treatment options. Spend Time With People It is common for people with PTSD to shy away from people, withdraw, and retreat.?? Fears, anxiety, anger, frustration, confusion, and the feeling of being overwhelmed are just some of the reasons why it might feel better to stay isolated than be around people. Spending time with supportive friends and family can make a significant difference in your mood and outlook. Keep in mind that if you are sharing space with any family or friends, it is likely they already notice you struggling. Many times people dont know how to help or are afraid to say something for fear of causing more emotional pain. It can be helpful for all partiesâ€"both you and your loved onesâ€"to have time to spend together. Some ways to spend time with others can include things like: Going for a walkHave morning coffeePlay a card gameTalk on the phoneShare funny stories If you dont feel ready to talk yet, you can also sit quietly in the same room to read a book or a newspaper. Simply sharing the same space quietly can feel comforting. Finding Social Support for Your Health and Well-Being Emotional and Physical Coping Strategies One of the most important ways to cope with PTSDâ€"and many other conditionsâ€"is to take care of your mental and physical wellness. There are many strategies that can work together with your treatment to not only help you cope with PTSD but to strengthen your mind and body in ways that can benefit you in your everyday life. Mindfulness Because of the levels of stress, anxiety and overwhelm that people often experience with PTSD, finding time for prayer, meditation, and other mindfulness techniques can be helpful to calm our bodies and minds.?? If the thought of this is uncomfortable for you, keep in mind that there is no pressure to perform. Just beginning with one or two minutes per day of quiet mindfulness can feel like a victory. The goal of that time is to stay focused on the present without any threat of fear or judgment. Gradually add more time as you go, offering yourself moments to experience a sense of calm and learn how to balance yourself if you begin to feel overwhelmed or anxious. Exercise Just as it is important to learn how to calm your mind, it is also important to get your body moving. Taking time to enjoy the outdoors, get some fresh air, and move our bodies can be a helpful way to regulate mood and emotions. Research has shown that physical exercise can help our brains better cope with stress.?? In fact, psychologists suggest that just a 10-minute walk per day can benefit our mood and help to relieve anxiety and depression. Here are some things to keep in mind as you get started: Find an activity you enjoySet small goalsBe consistentListen to music or podcasts while you exerciseAsk a friend to join youBe patient with yourselfDrink plenty of fluidsMake sure to dress for the weather Participate in Counseling Talking with a professional such as a counselor or therapist might feel a bit intimidating, but can be very helpful when you are struggling with PTSD.?? Having a trained person available to offer support and guidance in your recovery is a key element to long-term success. Find someone you feel comfortable with, that you find trustworthy and knowledgeable, and be consistent in attending your sessions. Counseling offices can offer a safe, calm space for you to process without any fear of having to perform or be judged. Being consistent in your participation is helpful to build on your progress, continue growing, and find healing. Keep a Journal Some people find it relaxing to journal their thoughts and have a consistent place to go back to in order to write and process their experiences. Research has shown that people struggling with PTSD can find benefits in keeping a journal, including decreasing flashbacks, nightmares and intrusive memories, helping them slowly reconnect to people and places that they may otherwise want to avoid.?? Journaling can also aid in your counseling, as you can typically bring your journal to sessions as things come up that you would like to process. Talk with your therapist and see if this might be an option for you. Work People with PTSD miss more days at work and work less efficiently.?? Certain symptoms of PTSD, such as difficulty concentrating and  problems sleeping, may make it hard for you to pay attention at work, stay organized, or make it  to  work on time. People with PTSD have higher rates of unemployment than people without PTSD. Likewise, people with PTSD often have problems at school and are less likely to make it through high school or college. To help navigate some of the challenges that PTSD can bring into the workplace, it can be helpful for you to talk with your employer about things that could help. Being willing to communicate is necessary for people to better understand your experience and to help you work around challenges that you are facing. Examples of things to mention might include: Asking for flexibility with schedulingHelp in minimizing distractionsMoments to regroup if you begin to feel overwhelmedRearranging your workspace in a way that helps you feel safeTalk with your HR department about possible Employee Assistance Programs Relationships People with PTSD are more likely to have problems in their marriages than people without PTSD.??  Partners of people with the condition  may be faced with a  number of stressors  that go along with caring for and living with someone with emotional challenges like that of PTSD. The sources of stress include financial challenges, managing symptoms, dealing with crises, loss of friends, or loss of intimacy. These can have a major negative impact on a relationship. Keep in mind that those closest to you might already recognize you are struggling and not know what to say or how to help. That doesnt mean they dont care, it simply means they dont know what to do. When we are experiencing symptoms like those of PTSD, it can feel like we are completely separated from people and going through the experience alone. Be Honest About Your Needs Take time to help your loved ones understand what you are experiencing and be honest about how they can help. Ask them to be patient with you and remember to be patient with yourself as well. Setting and maintaining healthy boundaries around time or personal space can be important in relationships. Learning how to trust people and asking for help can be significant obstacles, but are very importantâ€"especially with those who care for us most. Carve Out Time Feeling isolated in our experience is a big part of dealing with PTSD. Moving away from people, shutting down, or staying hidden from important people in our lives can lead to more emotional pain and more debilitating symptoms. Take time to spend with loved ones and practice sharing space with them, interacting, and reconnecting. Nurturing these connections by carving out time to spend together is helpful for the relationship and beneficial to your recovery and healing. Triggers If you are struggling with PTSD, its possible that you can feel easily overwhelmed, fearful, and anxious. It is understandable that you would do whatever you can to avoid people, places, and things that could remind you of your traumatic experience. There are a couple of different types of triggers that people with PTSD can experienceâ€"internal and external. Examples of internal triggers can include: Feeling lonelyAngerSadnessFeeling vulnerableMuscle tensionMemoriesPhysical pain Examples of external triggers include: News programMovie or TV showSmellsAnniversaryHolidaysPlaces that remind you of the eventCertain people Although it is understandable to want to avoid triggers it is important to remember that, depending on the trauma we experienced, we may not be able to avoid everything that could be a trigger. Rather than working to try and avoid, it is most helpful to find healthy ways to cope with triggers so that you can fully experience life again. Participating in a recovery or treatment program can help with this, as you learn to handle and navigate challenging situations and potentially triggering experiences. Lifestyle Risks There are some things you can do to help yourself live the best life possible, even while you are still experiencing symptoms of PTSD. As you work in treatment with your healthcare professional, you can take certain steps to help assist your recovery and healing process. Things to Remember as You Heal Avoid drugs and alcoholGet enough sleepExerciseEat a balanced, nutritious dietLimit caffeineLimit screen timeDont isolate yourself Not following some of these tips can become a risk to your well-being and your overall recovery. The symptoms you are and have been experiencing can be overwhelming and debilitating. Eliminating or minimizing risks can help you find success in treatment and offer you a chance to experience a wonderful quality of life after going through a traumatic experience. Physical Health In addition to mental health problems, having PTSD seems to raise the risk of physical health problems, including pain, diabetes, obesity, heart problems, respiratory problems, and sexual dysfunction.?? It is not entirely clear as to why people with PTSD have more physical health problems. However, it may be due to the fact that the symptoms of PTSD result in the release of stress hormones  that may contribute to inflammation and eventual damage to your body.?? This would increase your risk for certain physical health problems, including heart disease. Having PTSD also appears to raise risks for unhealthy behaviors (for example, smoking, lack of exercise, and increased alcohol use) which may further increase the possibility of physical health problems.?? Getting Professional Help Learning healthy and effective coping skills can help you live a fuller life and manage some of the symptoms you are experiencing with PTSD. However, it is important to also seek help from a qualified professional who can help you move toward recovery and healing. The Best Online Therapy Programs There are a number of effective treatments for PTSD  and treating PTSD can lead to improvements in other areas of your life. For example, when people successfully treat their PTSD, they often find that other disorders go away as well (although their other conditions may require specific, targeted treatments). Unfortunately, only slightly more than a third of people with PTSD are in some kind of treatment. You can find a mental health provider for PTSD in several ways. Ask for recommendations from your family doctor, your health insurance provider, or those you have connected with who also have PTSD. If you are a veteran, all VA Medical Centers provide PTSD care. The military has programs for its members and their families. What to Know About PTSD in Children

Should Capital Punishment Stay Illegal in Canada - 636 Words

The criminal justice system is innately flawed; since 1900 twenty three innocent people have been executed in the United States that has been documented (citation needed). Which is one of the reasons why I think it should remain illegal in Canada. The sentence doesn’t deter crime, (citation needed) and in some cases it only exasperates the crime which it was supposed to deter. Also, in order to keep an inmate on death row it costs on average ninety thousand dollars more than keeping an inmate for a life sentence, in the United States (Baskey-East, S. 2014). California has approximately the same population of Canada, and it uses the death penalty (37 million and 35 million people respectively) California will be used as a comparison for costs. Per death row inmate, ninety thousand dollars more is spent, between the extra trial costs, housing, and extra guards, death row costs an exorbitantly large amount more than a regular life imprisoned inmate. Inmates can spend up to twenty years on death row, waiting for their respective trials to be completed, to find out if they have been exonerated or not. This is part of the reason this process is so expensive. (Baskey-East, S. (2014, January). Currently many death row inmates are on suicide watch or solitary confinement from other inmates for their own safety – fellow inmates have been known to enact â€Å"prison justice† for crimes such as child molestation, and the suicide watch is for obvious reasons. But the price they pay forShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty Debate2037 Words    |  9 Pages The death penalty is an issue that has continually created conflict in today’s society. Many people arguing whether or not the death penalty should exist. Who’s to say whether the death penalty is a form of justice and therefore a valid and appropriate punishment or whether it is a â€Å"cruel and unusual† form of punishment. â€Å"The Arizona Supreme Court threw out the death sentences for a Tucson man who bludgeoned his girlfriend and her two children to death in 1984 after lying in waitRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment2746 Words   |  11 PagesThe death penalty and capital punishment were brought to America from Britain when America was colonized. This paper will argue why the death penalty is an outdated punishment and that it needs to be banned in America. When analyzing certain key points as crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongful convictions, and ethics it becomes evident that the death penalty should be ruled illegal in the United States. Firstly regarding the history of how capital punishment came to America fromRead MoreThe United Nations Human Development1836 Words   |  8 PagesThe Canada we know today is nothing like the Canada of the past, today it is ranked 8th on The United Nations Human Development Index – clearly showing it is an extraordinary place to live. However, the nation we call home wasn’t always this welcoming, democratic or peaceful; in fact Canada has a very dark and violent past. Ever since the signing of the BNA Act in 1867, Canada has taken enormous strides and steps to develop into the nation before us. The gradual, yet impactful development of LGBTRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Not A New Phenomenon2236 Words   |  9 Pagesfriends, family and everyday lifestyle. From then, it becomes an absolute nightmare in many possible ways. Either the victim is used for sex, organ stealing or harvesting, slavery, poverty, exploitation in the labor world (working without being paid), illeg al scientific experiments, to force joining gang members, and many other possible reasons. (Davidson 2010) Sadly, most of them do not survive. For those who do, years of therapy, family and peer support as well as time are the only ways victims can fullyRead MoreSenator Leahy : Party Of The Democratic Party Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pagesadded checks and balances to the bill to protect civil liberties, provisions to triple staffing along the U.S.-Canada border, to authorize domestic preparedness grants to states, and to facilitate the hiring of new FBI translators.† (About Senator Leahy, 2016) Senator Leahy is a sponsor of the Innocence Protection Act. Which is where they find and solve the problems in capital punishment. Leahy in 2004 helped reduce the risks that innocent people are killed by providing for â€Å"post-conviction DNA testingRead MoreThe Controversial Topic Of Legalization Of Marijuana2300 Words   |  10 PagesIt was made illegal in the 1930s to give the alcohol market much more room to grow. Marijuana is now considered a schedule 1 substance, meaning it is very easy to abuse and has no medical value, despite the evidence that it has many potential uses in medicine. It is considered as dangerous as heroin, despite there being absolutely no chance of overdose. With the amount of evidence that is shown towards the opposition of how marijuana is dealt with, it is obvious that marijuana should be 100% decriminalizedRead MoreTed Cruz And The World Little Did They Know Their Son2054 Words   |  9 PagesOn December 22, 1970, in Calgary, Canada Rafael Cruz, an d Eleanor Darragh brought Ted Cruz in the world little did they know their son was about to make a name for himself. His father Rafael Cruz come to the United States from Cuba in the late 1950s but his mother Eleanor was born in America they met when she was a student at Rice University. Before coming to America, Rafael Cruz did, in fact, have a hard time coming. He was tortured and was imprisoned in Cuba and fled to America where he spokeRead More Decreasing Violence in America Essay6606 Words   |  27 Pagesseems to me that what is being done now isn’t enough, because things just keeps getting worse. There are twelve main things that have been being studied in depth lately by sociologists. They include: spanking, child abuse, spouse abuse, the punishment for the offenders, gun control, the media’s affect on violence, the role sports play in violence, the role religion plays in violence, pacifism, and international violence. My paper will discuss each of these aspects as well as my opinions and stateRead MoreFamily as the Cornerstone of American Society6564 Words   |  27 Pagespositions in government, in the church, or in higher education. Women had no property or marital rights, except those their husbands granted, and fathers had custody of children in the rare cases of separation. Divorce was extremely rare and was illegal in many colonies. Some children, boys and girls, were sent about age 12 to work as servants in other peoples houses to learn farming, a craft, commerce, or housework. Boys might also to go to boarding schools and then to college or to sea, but mostR ead MoreTaboo of Homosexuality and Same Sex Marriage4375 Words   |  18 Pagesrecognise taboo only at the time when we encounter other opposing our behaviour. Every society differs in its point of view regarding any sort of Taboo-defying behaviour. Hence homosexuality and same sex marriage is hotly debated between individuals that, should it be considered as a taboo or not? People tolerance to the behaviour like homosexuality and same sex marriage depends upon their on their present norm, values and belief system. Degree of tolerance depends upon various factors like cultural background

Chronic Stress Can Damage Brain Structure And Connectivity

The news article I have decided to focus on is called â€Å"Chronic Stress Can Damage brain Structure and Connectivity†. The author, Christopher Bergland, discusses a study that was done at Berkeley and researchers discovered that chronic stress actually causes long-term changes in the brain. Bergland (2014) makes an interesting point in the beginning of the article about how children who are exposed to chronic stress are more likely that have problems with anxiety and mood disorders. A majority of the article focuses on the â€Å"revolutionary† experiments Daniela Kaufter, a UC Berkeley associate professor, conducted. These experiments are so significant because they show that â€Å"chronic stress and elevated levels of cortisol can generate more overproduction of myelin-producing cells and fewer neurons than normal.† Bergland (2014) then discusses the â€Å"grey matter† in the brain, which is packed full of nerve cell bodies and is where the brain does higher functions. He also discusses â€Å"white matter†, which is full of axons that connect neurons and makes a network of communications between different regions of the brain. The author (2014) says that the white matter in the brain is called that because the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons is white and fatty â€Å"and speeds the flow of electrical signals between neurons and brain regions.† Kaufer’s experiments focus specifically on the hippocampus, which is responsible for memory and emotions and can shrink under periods of stress. TheShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia2170 Words   |  9 PagesFibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain with accompanying symptoms, such as fatigue, morning stiffness, insomnia, cognitive dullness, depression and anxiety 1,2. Not only does FM impair life quality3, but it also increases disability and absence from work4. With the evolving diagnostic criteria of FM5, the prevalence rate is estimated about 2~4% in the general population with female predominance 6,7. Despite genetic, environmental and biochemical factors proposed as the underlyingRead More General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Essay2269 Words   |  10 Pages Mental disorder, two simple words that can stir up a storm of emotions. Habitually mistaken by general society as â€Å"deranged† or â€Å"unstable†, the words mental disorder, often, tend to have a negative cognition associated with them. This should not be the case. The misunderstanding that mental disorder is automatically equivalent of that to being psychotic and erratic leaves many individuals feeling isolated, and distressed to share their helplessness due to fear of social stigma. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesGroup Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PARTRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pages9 ̈ CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems 10 PART I Information Technology Chapter 2 Computer Systems 17 19 Basic Components of Computer Systems 20 Underlying Structure 20 Input/Output 20 Computer Memory 21 Arithmetic/Logical Unit Computer Files Control Unit 23 23 25 The Stored-Program Concept 25 Types of Computer Systems 28 Microcomputers 29 Midrange Systems 30 Mainframe Computers

Hazing in Universities Free Essays

Hazing in universities across the nation has become an increasingly dangerous ritual that is seemingly becoming more difficult to put an end to due to its development into an â€Å"underground† activity. Though a regular activity in the seventies, hazing, a possible dangerous act of initiation to a group, has now become an activity that is banned in thirty-nine states (Wagner 16). However, this ritual has not been stopped or become less severe. We will write a custom essay sample on Hazing in Universities or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact it is becoming more dangerous. Since it has been banned, with many colleges imposing their own penalties against those participating in it, many fraternities and sororities have pursued this activity in an underground fashion. Since these groups have gone underground, some victims of these rituals have been injured and subsequently died. This is due to the â€Å"hazers† not seeking medical treatment for the victims, for fear that they may be fined or charged by police or campus authorities. One estimate states that at least sixty-five students have died between the years of 1978 and 1996 from beatings and stress inflicted during fraternity initiation rites (â€Å"Greek† 26). Hazing has been defined in the Pennsylvania Hazing Law as â€Å"any action or situation which recklessly or intentionally endangers the mental or physical safety of a student or which destroys or removes public or private property for the purpose of initiation or admission into or affiliation with, or as a condition for continued membership in, any organization operating under the sanction of or recognized as an organization by an institution of higher education. The term shall include, but not be limited to, any brutality of a physical nature, such as whipping, beating, branding, forced calisthenics, exposure to the elements, forced consumption of any food, liquor, drug, or other substance, or any forced physical activity which could adversely affect the physical health and safety of the individual, and shall include any activity which would subject the individual to extreme mental stress, such as sleep deprivation, forced exclusion from social contact, forced conduct which could result in extreme embarrassment, or any other forced activity which could adversely affect the mental health or dignity of the individual†(â€Å"Pennsylvania Hazing Law† 1). The importance of this hazing situation is the fact that people are being injured, both physically and mentally, causing death or lifelong trauma. Though it may seem like an easy to control situation, the truth is that it is not easy at all. The only times that these groups, who subject individuals to hazing activities, are caught or penalized is after the damage done to an individual is so horrible as to result in death or hospitalization. The act of hazing may consist of something as subtle as a â€Å"pledge†, one who is trying to become a part of the group, having to answer phones at a fraternity house to extreme hazing such as being severely beat with paddles or even bricks. Since hazing takes many forms, it is hard for the public to realize that these â€Å"pledges† are actually being harmed. It is especially hard to see the mental abuse aspect of this situation. At times, â€Å"pledges† may be forced to wear humiliating items such as dog collars or diapers. It may look like an innocent prank, and may actually seem humorous, but stunts like this can deeply affect a person emotionally (Scleifer 42). Hazer†s in Greek societies have also been known to play the â€Å"buzz-saw† game in which a chainsaw is held inches away from a pledge until he/she screams in terror. This practice is used to instill respect, in the form of extreme fear, into the pledges (â€Å"The Persistent Madness of Greek Hazing† 14). Physical hazing, however, is where the most life threatening problems are occurring. With groups such as Omega Psi Phi of the University of Florida, who whacked its inductees in the heads with boards, beat them with fists, and hit them with bricks, one can only expect catastrophic results. For example, in 1993, the members of Omega Psi Phi beat Joseph J. Snell, a junior at the University of Maryland with such objects as a hammer, a horsehair whip, a broken chair leg, and a brush. Later, Snell was forced to place a space heater next to his face because the group said that his skin was not black enough. Snell was hospitalized due to the incident. He remained scared and despondent after his release. He had even called a suicide hotline because of the mental anguish that was caused (â€Å"Former Student Wins $375,000† 23). The hurt and confusion of a victim of mental and physical hazing can remain for years after the abuse. Yet, even after all the abuse, members of these organizations continue to feel that because they had to suffer through this act of initiation to get into the group, their successors must also be fall subject to these activities. Naturally, people want and need to be accepted. This is why an individual will go along with the hazing activities. Valerie Eastman, a behavioral science professor at Drury College in Springfield, MO, states â€Å"You know you†re a reasonable person and you just went through this nasty, unpleasant ritual, so you think the group must have been worth it. You try to justify it† (Wagner 16). Though some members in a fraternity or sorority may be against what is happening to these individuals, the codes of secrecy and brotherhood/sisterhood are so strong that they fear to break them and come forward to report these acts (Ruffins 18). Lydia Bradley, a strong advocate of anti-hazing laws and national speaker for placement of these laws, has interviewed students about the act of hazing in college. She reports, â€Å"I†m told that hazing unifies a group, that it is a rite-of-passage, that it builds brotherhood, that it is a tradition, or, the worst reason of all, that ‘I went through it†(Bradley 1). † It is this type of attitude that hinders the expulsion of the hazing activities. We, as the public, are limited, both in our knowledge of what truly happens in these groups and the ability to stop it, by not personally becoming a member of them. Though some of the fraternities that have been suspended for acting against these anti-hazing laws, they continue to operate underground and make no effort to change their behavior according to Stockton†s Director of Student Development, Tom O†Donnell (Kempert 12). As of yet, there are virtually no associations that actively monitor the actions of fraternities and sororities. They are trusted to act in a responsible manner. As stated in Hank Nuwer†s Broken Pledges: The Deadly Rite of Hazing, â€Å"What possibly could be expected from a group of adolescents when you leave them alone to govern their own activities (Nuwer 34). † One may parallel these activities to those expressed in William Golding†s Lord of the Flies to what may happen when such adolescents are left unsupervised to run a â€Å"members-only† organization. National Fraternities and sororities have neglected their parental responsibilities and have left pledging up to these adolescents. It is important that these actions are stopped by any reasonable means necessary. Since hazing has been a process that virtually all these members had been subject to, they will be reluctant to change. The idea of hazing has been placed in their heads as a test to foster unity, to instill a sense of membership, to promote scholarship, and to build awareness of the specific chapter†s history (Chenowith 20). Therefor, an alternative must be able to instill these exact qualities. Believers in the supposed benefits of hazing may be more likely to change their opinion if they can envision some alternatives. In many cases, those who are most vocal against eliminating hazing are those who are bitter and angry about the hazing that they themselves endured, but don†t want to eliminate this publicly. They expect others should be abused in order to gain â€Å"true† membership in the group. In this case, specific programs should be established to teach the devastating effects of hazing. A new sanction reduction policy has been established at Richard Stockton College of New Jersey to tackle some of the problems. The fraternities at this college that have been sanctioned for committing violations are now able to participate in a program that will possibly reduce their sanctions. This OPTIONS program offers students to take one of two four-credit elective courses: â€Å"The Psychology of Well Being,† which explores principles of physical and mental health, or â€Å"Alcohol 101,† which teachers the dangerous effects of alcohol, especially those involved in college situations. Along with this, they had established a Greek self-study committee, through which a Greek Council was formed (Kempert 12). This will educate students about the dangers they are placing on the pledges and change their ways while offering them the incentive of lowered sanctions at the same time. Incentives seem to be the best way to reach these organizations and hopefully it will subject them to the knowledge of what their actions may cause others. An alternative replacement to hazing activities would be another way to eliminate this problem. They could foster their unity in ways such as involving the whole group in a community charity. By asking the pledges to involve themselves in charities, or present the group with specific ideas for charitable work, would show the pledge†s sense of commitment to the group, along with helping to show the public the goodness that can become of these groups (Crothers 50). Instead of making the pledges do chores or excessive exercise, why not promote scholarship by designating study hours. What better way to prove an organization†s worthiness but by setting an example scholastically. These fraternities or sororities could invite leaders of the national groups or advisors to speak at a meeting instead of forcing these pledges to incessantly recite names or worthless facts about the group they are pledging to. Many alternatives are out there; one just has to have the strength to bring it to mention. Of course other solutions such as the undercover spies have been thought of. But, this would only seem to tear the organization apart and make them more careful in whom the choose as pledges, make them more dangerous and secretive in their activities, and less likely to help someone once they have been injured for fear of getting caught. A combination of incentives, alternatives, and a council to create a forum to discuss these alternatives to the hazing process is the most reasonable solution to this problem. Using otherwise â€Å"sneaky† tactics could only increase the problem and drive it further underground. As stated before, it can be hard to talk members into changes this tradition of the organization, but through time and education they will see its benefits. By performing such alternatives as previously mentioned, the dangerous hazing process will be eliminated and the â€Å"good-side† of these groups will become evident. Working together on a project, such as one that will help the local community, will bring a sense of accomplishments to the members and a sense of pride to both the community and the institution (Kempert 12). Of course the only way these solutions could come into effect is if the organizations and the institution work together. The school has to realize that, even if there has been no public incidences regarding hazing in their school, hazing probably does exist. It is this thought that should cause them to form some sort of incentive program of their own to counteract it. However, the members also have to take responsibility and go to the school for help in organizing the possible incentives and alternatives. How to cite Hazing in Universities, Papers

The Present Is The Key To The Past Essays - Evolution,

"The Present is the Key to the Past" James Hutton was born in 1726, a geographer, was named "the father of geology" who believed not that catastrophes built the earth as it is today, but rather the origin of rocks happened through slow processes and time by gathering observations, the changes that took place over time, on his farm and land in Scotland,. The principle of uniformitarianism, the principle that Hutton is known for,, is said to be that present day geologic processes also occurred during the past, and would continue to take place in the future. shaping the earth. Hutton wrote a paper, The Theory of the Earth, unfortunately, Hutton wasnt the best writer. Therefore, Huttons ideas on the geologic processes didnt expand until Sir Charles Lyell popularized the concept by rewriting Huttons proposition. The principle of uniformitarianism brought other geologists to question the possibilities. Scientists at that time, as well as Hutton, had no proof of Huttons theory, although the principle is excepted now, and is the basis for a lot of geography and biology that followed, the theory. "We find no vestige of a beginning, no prespect of an end."